LAION-5B uses data from the Common Crawl archive. Common Crawl is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit that has been 'crawling' or scanning the web since 2008 and collecting raw website data for open use. It crawls approximately once a month. It respects nofollow and robots.txt policies. These are ways to tell robots not to crawl your site. But this affects search engine results for your site. It is so much data that I couldn't figure out how to download a small portion of it for today but you can look into this on your own if you want here. This data comes in the form of a .warc file or a web archive file. This is a format for storing websites as archival files.
here's an example of what common crawl data looks like: